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Displaying events 1 - 300 of 1136 in total
ID Category Subcategory Date Summary
5733 Society Politics 50BC (Spr.) Cicero deals with Brutus' financial scandal: extorting Cypriot communities
5732 Environment Unusual Sounds 48BC Pergamum: noise of drums and cymbals spread throughout the city
5731 Geology River/Water Table Anomalies 398BC The Alban Lake rose to an unusual height, without any rainfall or other cause; embassy sent to oracle at Delphi
5730 Society Politics 398BC Tribunes elected are all patrician after augurs say pestilence due to plebeians in high office
5729 Society Mass sickness 400BC (Sum.) Pestilential summer at Rome; deadly to man and beast; Sibylline Books consulted
5728 Environment Unusual Weather 400BC (Win.) Extreme cold at Rome, roads blocked, Tiber frozen
5727 Society Expiation 399BC First lectisternum held in Rome - banquest to appease the gods
5726 Society Politics 408BC First plebeian quaestors elected at Rome
5725 Society Mass sickness 410BC Pestilence and famine, social unrest over land reform
5724 Society Politics 412BC Military Tribune murdered by his troops over his resistance to land reform
5723 Society Politics 414BC Turmoil over attempt to take annexed land from aristocrats and give to the people
5722 Society Slave Rebellion 417BC Plot by slaves to seize Rome
5721 Society Politics 425BC Plebeian agitation prevents consular elections
5720 Society Mass sickness 435BC Epidemic in Rome during which Latins attack
5719 Society Politics 437BC King of Veii executes Roman envoys; Aulus Cornelius Cossus kills him in single combat
5718 Society Politics 450BC Illegal seizure of power by Decemvirs leads to reforms
5717 Society Politics 449BC Kidnapping and death of Verginia and overthrow of the decemviri
5716 Society Laws and legal system 451BC Publication of the first ten of the Twelve Tables of law after agitation by plebeians
5715 Society Laws and legal system 455BC Lex Icilia distributes illegally held land on the Aventine to plebeians
5714 Society Politics 458BC Census at Rome
5713 Society Politics 60BC Lucius Afranius, consul 60 BC
5712 Society Politics 63BC Dec. 5 Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura: executed by Cicero as a "Catilinarian Conspirator"
5711 Society Politics 45BC Caecilia Metella wife of Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther; affair with Publius Cornelius Dolabella; divorce scandal
5710 Society Politics 60BC Quintus Metellus Celer, consul 60 BC; Gaius Asinius Pollio, dated the start of the Civil Wars to this year
5709 Society Politics 40BC Gaius Asinius Pollio, consul 40 BC; friend of Caesar and Antony; historian, literary patron
5708 Society Politics 43BC Lucius Cornelius Balbus minor; served under Julius Caesar; 43 BC quaestor to Asinius Pollio
5707 Society Politics 64BC Lucius Julius Caesar, consul 64 BC; cousin and supporter of Julius Caesar; tried Gaius Rabirius
5706 Society Politics 43BC Servius Sulpicius Galba, friend, legate and assassin of Julius Caesar; condemned by Pedian law
5705 Society Politics 51BC Servius Sulpicius Rufus, consul 51 BC; opposed Caesar, later honored by Caesar
5704 Society Politics 51BC Marcus Claudius Marcellus, consul 51 BC, optimate; urged extreme measures against Caesar; had a senator of Comum scourged
5703 Society Politics 50BC Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor, consul 50 BC, opposed Caesar; was later pardoned
5702 Society War 48BC Death of Milo, murderer of Clodius; at Compsa Castle, site of prodigies the previous years
5701 Archeology War/Battle Evidence 1250BC Colossal Bronze Age battle in Germany on Tollense River near Baltic Sea; unprecedented warfare; warriors from all over Europe
5700 Society Laws and legal system 460BC Riots in Rome over constitutional reforms, abuses of the aristocracy; exile of Caeso Quinctius
5699 Society Mass sickness 462BC Epidemic in Rome; both consuls among the victims
5698 Society Laws and legal system 471BC Change in law of tribune elections to eliminate aristocratic manipulation
5697 Society Politics 473BC Political strife between the orders, tribune Cnaeus Genucius murdered
5696 Society War 480BC Battle with Veii; consul killed
5695 Society Laws and legal system 480BC Tribune attempts to introduce land reform bill
5694 Society Laws and legal system 484BC Jul. Temple of Castor and Pollux dedicated
5693 Society Laws and legal system 497BC Dec. Temple of Saturn dedicated; first Saturnalia in Rome
5692 Society Politics 58BC Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, consul 58 BC, father-in-law of Julius Caesar
5691 Society War 52BC (Spr.) Battle of Gergovia: Julius Caesar vs Vercingetorix; the Gauls won
5687 Society Assassination 44BC Mar. 13 Assassination of Julius Caesar, the archetypal model of the passion of Jesus Christ
5683 Society Politics 57BC Aulus Gabinius, (consul 58 BC) proconsul of Syria (57 BC); supporter of both Pompey and Caesar
5681 Society War 52BC Sep. Vercingetorix defeated at the battle of Alesia
5680 Society Politics 50BC Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (consul 50 BC); destroyed the temples of Isis and Serapis by Senate decree
5679 Society Politics 78BC Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC), turned against Sulla and became Popularist rebel and revolutionary
5669 Society Politics 49BC Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, consul 49 BC, triggered civil war; fled Rome
5668 Society Politics 49BC Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior, consul 49 BC, opponent of Caesar; started civil war; fled Rome with Pompeius
5667 Society Politics 49BC Death of Curio, supporter of Caesar, husband of Fulvia
5666 Society Politics 30BC Aug. 12 Death of Cleopatra VII Philopator, Queen of Egypt, mistress/wife of Marcus Antonius
5665 Society Politics 14AD Aug. 19 Death of Augustus
5664 Society People 63BC Sep. 23 Birth of Gaius Octavius, future 1st emperor of Rome; Imperātor Caesar Dīvī Fīlius Augustus
5663 Society Politics 13BC Death of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, supporter of Caesar, triumvir with Antony and Octavian
5662 Society Politics 63BC Dec. 29 Cicero gives up his consulship, jeered by the crowd.
5661 Society Politics 63BC Dec. 10 Cicero denounced as a tyrant for the Catilinarian affair, posts a bill for subsidized grain distribution to regain popularity
5660 Society Politics 63BC Dec. 5 Cicero's Bona Dea miracle/conspiracy Fourth Catilinarian Oration; Caesar and Cato speak; executions
5659 Society Politics 63BC Dec. 3 Catilinarian 'conspirators' arrested; Cicero cannot conceal his glee
5658 Society Politics 63BC Nov. 9 Second Catilinarian oration by Cicero
5657 Society Politics 63BC Nov. 8 First Catilinarian oration by Cicero: a study in propaganda and intimidation
5656 Society Politics 63BC Oct. 27 The conspiracy of Catiline fails to materialize; Cicero's credibility collapses; threatened with a court of inquiry
5652 Society Politics 63BC Feb. Cicero rejects Caesar's Land Reform/support for Veterans bill
5651 Society Politics 63BC Jun. Death of Metellus Pius, Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus
5650 Society Politics 91BC Marcus Livius Drusus proposed land reform and giving Roman citizenship to all freemen of Italy; triggered Social War
5647 Society Sack or Destruction of City 146BC Complete destruction of the city of Carthage by Scipio Aemilianus; Rome flooded with slaves
5646 Archeology Mass destruction of unknown origin 1150BC Collapse of the Terramare culture in northern Italy; settlements abandoned for several centuries
5645 Society War 477BC Battle of the Cremera; 306 men of the Fabii gens sacrificed by the Veientes.
5644 Society War 359BC War with Tarquinii, Falerii and Caere; 307 Romans sacrificed by the Tarquinienses
5643 Society War 389BC Etruscans, the Volsci and the Aequi unite against Rome: Marcus Furius Camillus dictator
5642 Society War 483BC The Fabian war with Veii
5641 Society War 505BC War between Rome and the Sabines/Etruscans
5640 Society War 508BC War with Etruscan Clusium; siege of Rome
5639 Society War 509BC War with Veii and Tarquinii, after the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BC
5638 Society War 571BC Nov. 25 War with Veii and the Etruscans, under Servius Tullius
5637 Society War 663BC Second War with Fidenae and Veii, under Tullus Hostilius
5636 Society War 763BC War with Fidenae and Veii under Romulus
5635 Society Prodigy 470BC Religious awe and fear of the gods owing to the occurrence of many prodigies and omens
5634 Society Mass sickness 470BC Pestilence attacked pregnant women killing both mothers and infants
5633 Society Famine 492BC Famine due to war
5632 Society Expiation 470BC Urbinia, a Vestal Virgin, tried and executed for unchastity
5631 Society Expiation 337BC Minucia, a Vestal, tried for unchastity; convicted and buried alive near the Colline Gate
5630 Society Expiation 485BC Supernatural portents expiated by punishment of Oppia, a Vestal virgin who was convicted of unchastity
5629 Society War 494BC Volscians, the Aequi, and the Sabines join forces against Rome; defense by debtor-army
5628 Society Politics 495BC Civil discord at Rome due to debt slavery and extreme poverty; plebs refuse military service
5627 Society War 495BC Rome defended against Volscians by army-of-debtors; soldiers allowed to plunder to relieve their poverty
5626 Society Politics 495BC P. Servilius Priscus Structus passed edict for partial amelioration of debt slavery in order to levy an army
5625 Society Politics 491BC Gaius Marcius Coriolanus defects to the Volscii after enraging the patricians and plebeians
5624 Society War 509BC Horatius Cocles defends Rome at the Sublicius bridge against Etruscans, Lars Porsenna
5623 Society Politics 494BC Agitation of impoverished plebs; Titus Lartius unsuccessfully advocated measures to relieve the plebs from the burdens of debt
5622 Society Politics 501BC Titus Lartius first Roman dictator
5621 Society Politics 486BC Spurius Cassius Viscellinus authored agrarian law; accused of pandering to the masses and seeking kingship; executed
5620 Society Expiation 215BC A Gaulish man and a Gaulish woman and a Greek man and a Greek woman were buried alive under the Forum Boarium
5619 Society Expiation 215BC Q. Fabius Pictor was sent to consult the oracle of Delphi
5618 Society Expiation 215BC Vestals Floronia and Opimia convicted of unchastity; one buried alive at the Colline Gate, other suicide
5617 Society Laws and legal system 73BC Fabia, chief Vestal acquitted of incestum with Lucius Sergius Catilina.
5616 Society Expiation 114BC Vestal Virgins Aemilia, Licinia, and Martia buried alive for unchastity
5615 Society Expiation 483BC Following a series of portents the vestal virgin Oppia/Opimia was found guilty of a breach of chastity; buried alive
5614 Society Laws and legal system 394AD College of the Vestals was disbanded and the sacred fire extinguished
5613 Society Politics 100BC Dec. Gaius Memmius "a man fiercely hostile to the power of the nobles" murdered during consular elections
5612 Society Politics 87BC Marcus Antonius (consul 99 BC); executed by Marius and Cinna
5611 Society Massacre 105BC Oct. 6 Battle of Arausio: catastrophic loss of entire Roman army caused by Quintus Servilius Caepio
5610 Society War 105BC Quintus Servilius Caepio plunders the temples of Tolosa and then loses entire Roman army in Battle of Arausio
5609 Society Massacre 82BC Marcus Marius Gratidianus: popularist reformer and human sacrifice martyr during Sullan proscriptions
5608 Society War 40BC Publius Ventidius Bassus; protege of Caesar; defeated Quintus Labienus and the Parthians
5607 Society War 45BC Mar. 17 Battle of Munda; Caesar fights for his life among the ranks
5606 Society War 48BC Battle of Ruspina: Caesar vs. Titus Labienus, the traitor
5605 Society Assassination 100BC Saturninus: popularist reformer proposes land reform using Tolosan gold; murdered by mob of aristocrats
5604 Society Laws and legal system 63BC Mar. The trial of Gaius Rabirius (senator): involved in the death of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
5602 Society Politics 39BC Death of Quintus Labienus: traitor to Caesar and to Rome
5601 Society Politics 47BC Terentia, wife of Cicero, divorces him possibly because she was a supporter of Caesar
5600 Society Politics 48BC Death of Marcus Caelius Rufus in rebellion against Caesar
5599 Society Politics 49BC Titus Labienus, traitor to Caesar
5598 Society Politics 35BC Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius: executed without trial by order of Antony via Marcus Titius
5597 Society Politics 59BC Clodia Metelli Quadrantaria; sister of Publius Clodius Pulcher, enemy of Cicero; suspected of poisoning her husband, Metellus Celer
5596 Society Politics 45BC Apr. 12 Death of Gnaeus Pompeius the younger; executed by Lucius Caesennius Lento for treason
5595 Society People 100BC Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC); massacres in Judea mentioned in the Dead Sea scrolls
5594 Society People 95BC Mucia Tertia: wife of Gaius Marius minor, Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus; mother of Sextus Pompeius
5593 Society People 116BC Marcus Terentius Varro Reatinus; the most learned of the Romans; Varronian chronology
5592 Society War 73BC Third Mithridatic War; Rome vs Mithridates VI
5591 Society People 160BC Mnesarchus of Athens; leader of the Stoic school
5590 Society People 118BC Lucius Licinius Lucullus; fought Third Mithridatic War; gastronome, "Xerxes in a toga"
5589 Society People 125BC Antiochus of Ascalon; Middle Platonism
5588 Society War 46BC Feb. 7 Battle of Thapsus: Caesar vs Optimates/Metellus Scipio
5587 Society People 63BC Junia Tertia born, daughter of Julius Caesar? Wife of assassin Gaius Cassius Longinus
5586 Society People 45BC Claudia Pulchra Major, first wife of Brutus, divorced by him to marry Porcia Catonis
5585 Society People 110BC Titus Pomponius Atticus; friend, correspondent, and publisher of Cicero
5584 Society Assassination 132BC Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio: murdered his cousin, Tiberius Gracchus; himself murdered by supporters of the Gracchi
5583 Society People 230BC Aemilia Tertia AKA Aemilia Paulla; grandmother of the Gracchi, great grandmother of Fulvia
5582 Society People 280BC Fabius Maximus Cunctator: father of guerrilla warfare; five times consul, two times dictator
5581 Society People 268BC Marcus Claudius Marcellus, five times consul; Gallic War, Punic War, killed Viridomarus in single combat; responsible for death of Archimedes
5580 Society War 207BC Battle of Metaurus: Gaius Claudius Nero (consul 207 BC) & Marcus Livius Salinator defeated (and killed) Hasdrubal
5579 Society People 216BC Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 219, 216 BC):shared command with Varro at the Battle of Cannae, killed in battle
5578 Society People 247BC Hannibal: one of the greatest military commanders in history
5577 Society Laws and legal system 191BC Lex Acilia de intercalando: authorized the pontifices to decree an intercalary period in order to prevent seasonal drift
5576 Society People 233BC Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC): defeated Antiochus III at the Battle of Thermopylae
5575 Society War 218BC Hannibal crosses the Alps into Italy: Battle of Ticinus
5574 Society War 217BC Jun. 22 Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt vs Antiochus III; one of the largest battles of the ancient world
5573 Society War 190BC Battle of Magnesia: Rome vs Antiochus III
5572 Society Politics 66BC Gaius Licinius Macer: annalist, people's rights activist; defamed, prosecuted and ruined by Cicero, commits suicide
5571 Society Laws and legal system 120BC Establishment of senatus consultum ultimum in Roman constitutional practice; tool used for oppression
5570 Society Politics 121BC Lucius Opimius (consul 121 BC) ordered the extralegal executions of 3000 supporters of Gaius Gracchus
5569 Society Politics 42BC Oct. 3 Death of Gaius Cassius Longinus: leader of the assassination plot against Julius Caesar
5568 Society Politics 42BC Servilius Casca, one of Caesar's assassins
5567 Society Politics 59BC Calpurnia Piso, marries Julius Caesar
5566 Society Politics 45BC Porcia Catonis, daughter of Cato the Younger, marries Brutus the assassin
5565 Society Politics 49BC Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Cornelianus Scipio Nasica: 'personally despicable... politically reactionary'; triggered war with Caesar
5564 Society People 104BC Servilia Caepionis: mistress of Julius Caesar, mother of Brutus, half-sister of Cato the Younger
5563 Society People 64BC Titus Livius, historian of Rome
5562 Society Laws and legal system 59BC Gaius Antonius Hybrida (the monster) co-consul with Cicero; prosecuted and exiled for taking part in the Catilinarian conspiracy
5561 Society People 236BC Scipio Africanus: never lost a battle; first Roman general to expand Roman territories outside Italy; hated by Cato the Elder; grandfather of the Gracchi
5560 Society War 191BC Battle of Thermopylae: Rome vs. Antiochus III
5558 Society Laws and legal system 195BC Repeal of Lex Oppia after mass demonstrations by the women of Rome
5557 Society Laws and legal system 215BC Lex Oppia: law against luxury and extravagance also oppression of women's rights to property and dress
5556 Society Politics 46BC Apr. Death of Cato the Younger, sworn enemy of Caesar
5555 Society Laws and legal system 95BC Lex Licinia Mucia passed ejecting non-citizens from Rome or prosecuting 'false citizens'; triggered Social War
5553 Society Laws and legal system 184BC Lex Porcia III: severe penalties for magistrates who refuse to grant provocatio (appeal)
5552 Society Laws and legal system 195BC Lex Porcia II: right of Roman citizen to appeal a sentence of flogging
5551 Society Laws and legal system 199BC Lex Porcia I: extended the right to provocatio (appeal) to locations outside of Rome
5550 Society Laws and legal system 299BC Valerian law allowed a Roman citizen, condemned by a magistrate to death or scourging, the right of appeal to the people
5548 Society People 185BC Scipio Aemilianus: destroyer of Carthage, opponent of the Gracchi, murder victim
5547 Society People 121BC Death of Marcus Fulvius Flaccus (consul 125 BC): ally of the Gracchi
5545 Society Politics 42BC Oct. 23 Suicide death of Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger, leading assassin of Julius Caesar
5544 Society War 53BC Marcus Licinius Crassus: wealthiest man in Roman history; patron of Julius Caesar; defeated and killed by Parthians
5543 Society Politics 493BC Plebeian Council's authority recognized by Patricians (unwillingly)
5542 Society Politics 445BC Third Secession of the Plebs demanding rights to consulship and marriage between patricians and plebeians: Lex de conubio patrum et plebis
5541 Society Politics 450BC Second Secession of the Plebs due to abuse of power by the decemviri; demanded restoration of plebeian tribune power and right of appeal
5540 Society Politics 494BC Dec. First Secession of the Plebs due to extreme debt and wealth/political inequality
5539 Society Mass sickness 365BC Deadly pestilence strikes Rome killing many important people including Camillus
5538 Society People 446BC Marcus Furius Camillus: longest-reigning Roman dictator until Sulla and Caesar; passed Lex Licinia under pressure
5537 Society Politics 495BC Conflict of the Orders develops; political struggle between the Plebeians (commoners) and Patricians (aristocrats)
5536 Society People 234BC Cato the Elder
5535 Society Laws and legal system 287BC Lex Hortensia final result of the long class struggle between patricians and plebeians
5534 Society Laws and legal system 367BC Lex Licinia Sextia passed to modify Roman patrician monopoly on power; abolish all forms of discrimination against the plebeians
5533 Society People 121BC Gaius Sempronius Gracchus murdered by Roman Senate
5532 Society Assassination 133BC Murder of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: sought agrarian reforms to transfer wealth from the wealthy, patricians and otherwise, to the poor.
5531 Society Politics 52BC Fulvia: first Roman non-mythological woman to appear on Roman coins; appears in records at death of Clodius, her 1st husband
5529 Society Assassination 52BC Jan. 18 Titus Annius Milo Papianus murders Clodius triggering anarchy in Rome
5528 Society Laws and legal system 700BC Vestal Virgins; state supported priestesses
5527 Society People 120BC Aurelia Cotta, mother of Julius Caesar; ideal Roman matron
5526 Society Politics 133BC Optimates and Populares solidify their positions in respect of the Gracchi
5525 Society Politics 63BC Jan. Marcus Tullius Cicero takes up his consulship
5524 Society War 62BC Jan. Lucius Sergius Catilina killed at the Battle of Pistoria
5523 Society Politics 30BC Aug. 1 Death of Marcus Antonius, supporter of Julius Caesar
5522 Society War 49BC Gaius Scribonius Curio defeated by Juba, along with aid from Attius Varus, at the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
5521 Society Assassination 52BC Assassination of Popularist Publius Clodius Pulcher by Milo; mob violence overtakes Rome; Pompey takes charge
5520 Society Massacre 82BC Nov. Battle of the Colline Gate; Samnites and Populares slaughtered by Sulla
5519 Society Politics 83BC Rebellion in Spain: Quintus Sertorius, popularist general
5518 Society War 83BC Battle of Mount Tifata; First Roman Civil War
5517 Society Assassination 48BC Sep. 29 Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus murdered by servants of Ptolemy XIII
5516 Society Politics 86BC Lucius Cornelius Cinna: Domination of Cinna
5515 Society Politics 81BC Sulla's dictatorship and reforms
5514 Society War 82BC Sulla's second civil war
5513 Society War 88BC Sulla's First Civil War
5512 Society People 135BC Mithridates VI of Pontus
5511 Society War 85BC Battle of Orchomenus; Sulla over Archelaus; Sulla's settlement
5510 Society War 86BC Battle of Chaeronea; Sulla over Archelaus
5509 Society Massacre 86BC Feb. 12 Sulla's siege of Athens
5508 Society Massacre 88BC May Massacre of Romans & Italici in Asia by Mithridates
5507 Society War 89BC First Mithridatic War; Kingdom of Pontus and many Greek cities rebelled against Rome
5506 Society War 112BC Jugurthine War
5505 Society Politics 82BC Civil war: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, dictator of Rome
5504 Society War 91BC (Spr.) Roman Social War (91–88 BC)
5503 Geology River/Water Table Anomalies 89BC Appearance of new lakes, disappearance of rivers and springs in Asia Minor
5502 Archeology Earthquake Evidence 160BC Feb. 28 Earthquake and tsunami strikes Levant during Maccabean revolt
5501 Celestial Falling Fire 91BC Ball of fire rolled down to earth, carried from the land to the East, covered the sun
5500 Geology Earthquake 91BC Earthquake at Regium; part of the city and walls destroyed
5499 Geology Outgassing 91BC Fire erupted from the earth at Aeneria (Ischia)
5498 Environment Fall of Unusual Objects 91BC Rained stones for seven days in central Italy
5497 Society Prodigy 94BC Multiple prodigies recorded at Rome
5496 Celestial Fire in the sky 94BC Comet or fireball observed in Rome; whole sky 'ablaze'
5495 Environment Fall of Unusual Objects 94BC Rain of stones in central Italy
5494 Environment Fall of Unusual Objects 94BC Rain of stones near Rome
5493 Society Massacre 102BC Battle of Aquae Sextiae
5492 Society Massacre 101BC Battle of Vercellae
5491 Society People 157BC Gaius Marius, general, consul, uncle and role model of Julius Caesar
5490 Celestial Halo 108BC Double halo around the sun associated with pestilence in Babylon
5489 Archeology Cultural Evidence 14000BC Giant Megaliths in Siberia Largest in the World
5488 Archeology Cultural Evidence 14000BC Sunduki the Siberian Stonehenge
5487 Environment Plant Prodigies 135BC Corn grows on trees
5486 Society Prodigy 135BC Talking cow, hooting owl; portents of defeat of Roman army
5485 Geology River/Water Table Anomalies 137BC The Fucine lake overflowed; red water emerged from the ground
5484 Environment Atmospheric Prodigies 137BC 'Many places shattered by lightning'; praetor M. Claudius burst into flames from a thunderbolt
5483 Environment Unusual Sounds 137BC Thunder from a clear sky near Rome
5482 Celestial Meteor or Meteorite 137BC (Spr.) Fireball observed from Babylon
5481 Environment Unusual Weather 137BC (Win.) Severe cold and hail in Babylon
5480 Environment Dust/Ash Veil 137BC (Win.) Sun veiled in dust, 'looked like the moon'
5479 Celestial Falling Fire 137BC 'Fall of fire' from the sky observed in Babylon
5478 Society Human Prodigies 147BC A boy with three feet and one hand is born
5477 Celestial Falling Fire 140BC Rain of fireballs associated with eruption of Etna
5476 Environment Dust/Ash Veil 147BC Sun halos associated with comet, glowing red sky, possible comet dust
5475 Environment Unusual Weather 147BC Unusual, repeated lightning strikes reported at Rome associated with comet and red sky
5474 Archeology Comet/Asteroid Evidence 147BC Acidity spike in Greenland ice core; persistent red sky phenonomenon reported
5473 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1100BC Latins: Indo-Europeans migrated to Italy after collapse of Bronze Age
5471 Archeology Cultural Evidence 550BC Lepontic Language
5470 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1000BC Ligures: earliest Indo-European speakers of the European West; direct descendants of Cro-Magnon?
5469 Archeology Pestilence Evidence 1686BC Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis found in Kytmanovo, Russia
5468 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2300BC Urukagina; first law code in recorded history
5467 Archeology Mass destruction of unknown origin 1806BC Ipuwer Papyrus, turmoil, arrival of the Asiatics
5466 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3300BC Indus Valley Civilisation; urban planning, metallurgy, wheeled transport, trade network, writing
5465 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1800BC Tarim mummies; tall, red-haired Europoids in W. China
5464 Archeology Climate Evidence 7500BC Neolithic subpluvial wet period begins; wet and rainy N. Africa for 2K years
5463 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3300BC Egyptian hieroglyphs
5462 Archeology Climate Evidence 3250BC Piora Oscillation sudden cooling: volcanic eruption or a meteor or an asteroid impact event
5461 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5500BC Sumer: first urban civilization in Mesopotamia
5460 Archeology Cultural Evidence 6000BC Choga Mami, Samarran culture site, S. Iraq; first evidence of canal irrigation
5459 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5400BC Eridu: earliest city in southern Mesopotamia
5458 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5000BC Uruk of Sumer; early state formation and urbanization
5457 Archeology Cultural Evidence 4350BC Leyla-Tepe culture; S. Caucasus Azerbaijan; amphora burials
5442 Archeology Mass Migration Evidence 3200BC Ancient Irish ancestors came from Middle East, Pontic steppe
5441 Archeology Cultural Evidence 8000BC Stonehenge complex early stages of development
5440 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1500BC Yaz culture; early Iranian culture as described in Avesta; sky burial
5439 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5500BC Early metallurgy: copper smelting, Belovode, Serbia: Vinča culture
5438 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3000BC Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex civilisation of Central Asia; monumental structures; evidence of wheeled transport
5437 Archeology Cultural Evidence 800BC Tagar culture south Siberia; bronze-smelting; Scythian circle
5436 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1500BC Karasuk culture; Central Asian steppes; advanced, industrial metal workers
5435 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3950BC Maykop culture W. Caucasus between Black Sea and Caspian; ties to the Iranian plateau and to South Central Asia
5434 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2000BC Andronovo culture in W. Siberia, W. Asiatic steppes; early Indo-Aryans/Iranians; Cimmerians and Saka/Scythians; Thracians
5433 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2000BC Srubna culture; along the N. shore of Black Sea; precursors of Cimmerians?
5432 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3500BC Afanasevo culture, south Siberia, Altai mountains, mixed Europoid, wheel, metals, Tarim mummies
5431 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2800BC Catacomb culture, Ukraine, corded ware pottery, polished battle axe, cranial deformation
5430 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5500BC Dnieper–Donets culture, north of Black Sea, late Cro-Magnons contemporaneous with Samara culture, succeeded by Yamna
5429 Archeology Cultural Evidence 4000BC Sredny Stog culture on the Dnieper river, origin of Indo-Europeans? Horse domestication, corded ware pottery
5428 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5025BC Samara culture, middle Volga; Dnieper-Donets culture
5427 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5000BC Khvalynsk on the Volga culture
5426 Archeology Cultural Evidence 5700BC Vinča culture, Balkans, earliest copper metallurgy
5425 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2800BC Bell-Beaker maritime culture, spread over Europe, emerged from the lower Rhine and North Sea regions
5424 Archeology Mass destruction of unknown origin 10900BC Holocene extinction; The Sixth Extinction; Younger Dryas Impact Event
5423 Archeology Dating Evidence 9000BC Karaca Dağ, eastern Turkey, site of first domestication of einkorn wheat
5422 Archeology Cultural Evidence 7500BC Çatalhöyük, southern Anatolia, proto-city, trade network
5421 Archeology Cultural Evidence 8700BC Tell Aswad settlement, Syria, invented bricks, trade network, domesticated emmer wheat
5420 Archeology Cultural Evidence 10200BC Mureybetian culture, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, northern Syria; early agriculture, animal domestication
5419 Archeology Cultural Evidence 8400BC Nevalı Çori, Anatolia; temples and monumental sculpture; Einkorn wheat first domesticated; ceramic firing
5418 Archeology Cultural Evidence 12500BC Natufian culture of the Eastern Mediterranean; domestication of dogs
5417 Archeology Mass destruction of unknown origin 2181BC First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Divided Egypt, famine, chaos
5416 Society Politics 2214BC Gutian dynasty of Sumer, destruction of Akkad
5415 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2112BC Third Dynasty of Ur, Neo-Sumerian Empire, Law Code of Ur-Nammu
5414 Archeology Cultural Evidence 6200BC Starčevo–Kőrös–Criş culture, central and south central Europe, Romania to Serbia, Montenegro
5413 Archeology Cultural Evidence 6300BC Bug-Dniester culture, Moldavia and Ukraine
5412 Archeology Cultural Evidence 900BC Villanovan culture of central and northern Italy related to the Central European Urnfield culture
5411 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1280BC Canegrate Culture, Northern Italy; first migratory wave of the proto-Celts
5410 Archeology Cultural Evidence 900BC Golasecca culture, Northern Italy
5409 Archeology Cultural Evidence 6000BC Cucuteni-Trypillian culture centered on modern-day Moldova with small villages to "vast settlements"
5408 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1600BC The Tumulus culture dominates Central Europe
5407 Society Politics 1570BC Kassites rule of Babylon
5406 Archeology Cultural Evidence 860BC Urartu, Ararat, Vannic Kingdom, successor of the Late Bronze Age Hurrian state of Mitanni
5405 Archeology Cultural Evidence 900BC Kingdom of Tabal; neo-Hittite, Luwian speaking, south central Anatolia
5404 Society People 1114BC Tiglath-Pileser I; made Assyria the leading power of the Middle East
5403 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1450BC Kaskians, peoples living in mountainous Pontic Anatolia during Hittite times; unknown origins
5402 Archeology Cultural Evidence 22000BC Mal'ta-Buret' culture west of Lake Baikal similar to coeval cultures of Western and Eastern Europe
5401 Archeology Cultural Evidence 3600BC Yamna or Yamnaya culture; Pit Grave Culture; Ochre Grave Culture, develops on the Pontic Steppes
5400 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2900BC Corded Ware culture, Battle Axe Culture, Single Grave Culture; major north and central European culture from the Rhine to the Volga; related to Yamna
5399 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1700BC Trzciniec culture of Eastern Europe develops around Łódź; spread to parts of Poland and Western Ukraine; from Corded Ware culture
5398 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1300BC Lusatian culture of Eastern Europe develops from preceding Trzciniec culture
5397 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1250BC Bryges or Briges related to Phrygians, migrated to Balkans from Lausitz culture of Poland
5396 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1500BC Kingdom of Mitanni aristocracy shows Indo-Aryan roots
5395 Archeology Cultural Evidence 1450BC Linear B: syllabic script used for writing Mycenaean Greek
5394 Archeology Cultural Evidence 2600BC Cretan hieroglyphs, artefacts of Minoans
5393 Archeology Epigraphic Evidence 2500BC Linear A writing system; Minoan language connected to Etruscan?
5392 Archeology Mass Migration Evidence 950BC Dorian invasion hypothesis becomes Dorian migration and settling after collapse of Bronze Age